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Saturn I
:''For the moon of Saturn, see Mimas (moon).''
The Saturn I (pronounced "Saturn one") was the United States' first heavy-lift dedicated space launcher, a rocket designed specifically to launch large payloads into low Earth orbit. Most of the rocket's power came from a clustered lower stage consisting of tanks taken from older rocket designs strapped together to make a single large booster, leading critics to jokingly refer to it as "Cluster's Last Stand". However, its design proved sound and very flexible. Its major successes were launching the Pegasus satellites and flight verification of the Apollo Command and Service Module aerodynamics in the launch phase. Originally intended as a near-universal military booster during the 1960s, it served only for a brief period and only with NASA; ten Saturn I rockets were flown before it was replaced by the derivative Saturn IB, which featured a more powerful upper stage and improved instrumentation.
President John F. Kennedy identified the Saturn I, and the SA-5 launch in particular, as being the point where US lift capability would surpass the Soviets, after being behind since Sputnik.〔(Newsreel report of JFK with SA-1 (video) )〕 That was last mentioned in a speech he gave at Brooks AFB in San Antonio on the day before he was assassinated.〔(JFK Speech at Brooks AFB, 21Nov63 (video, on the last full day of his life) )〕 He never lived to see this capability realized.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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